Evaluation of Parking Retribution Policy Implementation Based on Stakeholder Perceptions and Its Contribution to Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD) in Malang City

Abstract

This study evaluates the implementation of parking retribution policy in Malang City based on stakeholder perceptions and its contribution to Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD). Its novelty lies in examining perceptions of government agencies, parking attendants, and parking users through William N. Dunn’s six evaluation criteria, supported by legal compliance. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation covering 2023–2025. The findings indicate improvements in electronic deposits, parking data management, supervision, and guidance. However, implementation remains uneven, and annual revenue targets have not been achieved. Although parking retribution revenue increased from IDR 10.69 billion in 2023 to IDR 11.17 billion in 2025, its contribution to PAD declined from 1.73% to 1.25%. Thus, its revenue potential remains insufficiently optimized.