Multi-Objective Optimization of DG Dispatch for Enhanced Performance of Active Distribution Networks Using a Pareto-Based Approach

Abstract

This study proposes a Pareto-based multi-objective optimization framework for distributed generation (DG) dispatch in active distribution networks. The framework simultaneously minimizes operating cost, daily energy loss, and aggregated voltage deviation while satisfying power-flow equations and network constraints. A knee-point criterion identifies a balanced solution from the non-dominated Pareto set. Tests on the IEEE 33-bus system show that the selected solution reduces daily energy loss by 25.3% and voltage deviation by 41.7%, while increasing operating cost by only 1.5% compared with the base case. The minimum voltage improves from 0.912 to 0.952 p.u. Thirty independent runs and Hypervolume analysis further assess optimization consistency and Pareto-solution quality. These findings demonstrate the potential of Pareto-based optimization for balancing economic and technical objectives in DG dispatch.